3. Project 1. Concepts, theories, beliefs, hypothesis
Here are gathered some concepts about our world:
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I summarised each in a few sentences:
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Greek Mythology
The Earth is a flat disk afloat on the river of Ocean. The Sun (Helios) traverses the heavens like a charioteer and sails around the Earth in a golden bowl at night. Zeus reigns the supreme on the top of Mount Olympus beyond the clouds, whilst Aïdes governs the Lower World, and Poseidon has full command over the Sea.
Based on ‘The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome’, E. M. Berens
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Norse Mythology
The world is a flat disk, and the sea encircles the perimeter. Giants live at the edges of the world, beside the deepest seas. To keep the giants at bay, gods Odin, Vili and Ve made a wall from Ymir’s eyelashes and set it around the middle of the world. The ash tree Yggdrasil, the largest of all trees, grows between the nine worlds and joins them. It is so large that its roots are in three worlds, and it is fed by three wells.
Based on ‘Norse Mythology’, Neil Gaiman
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Ptolemaic Model
Earth is a solid stationary sphere in the center of seven transparent revolving spheres, in each of which there is a visible planet: the moon, Mercury, Venus, the sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The crystalline spheres themselves are living spiritual powers, presided over by angelic beings. Beyond all, there is a luminous celestial realm.
Based on ‘Myths to Live By’, Joseph Campbell
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Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’
When Satan had been flung out of heaven, he fell like a flaming comet, struck the earth, and plowed right through to its center. The prodigious crater that he opened became the fiery pit of Hell; and the great mass of displaced earth pushed forth at the opposite pole became the Mountain of Purgatory. The entire southern hemisphere is of water, with this mighty mountain lifting out of it, on whose summit is the Earthly Paradise.
Based on ‘Myths to Live By’, Joseph Campbell
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Heliocentric Model
Earth, and the planets revolve around the sun, which is near the center of the universe. The stars are immovable – their apparent daily motion is caused by the daily rotation of Earth. Earth is moved in a sphere around the sun, causing the apparent annual migration of the sun.
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The Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began. The universe as we know it started with an infinitely hot, infinitely dense singularity, then inflated — first at unimaginable speed, and then at a more measurable rate — over the next 13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today. Astronomers can, see the echo of the expansion through a phenomenon known as the cosmic microwave background.
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Mathematical Universe Hypothesis
Our external physical reality is a mathematical structure. That is, the physical universe is not merely described by mathematics, but is mathematics. Mathematical existence equals physical existence, and all structures that exist mathematically exist physically as well. Observers, including humans, are self-aware substructures. They subjectively perceive themselves as existing in a physically real world.
Based on Wikipedia
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Many-worlds Interpretation
There are very many universes, perhaps infinitely many. Time is like a many-branched tree, wherein every possible event outcome is realised and exists in its own universe. Different histories are not alternatives but all really happen simultaneously.
Based on Wikipedia
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Flat Earth Society
The Earth is flat, and along the edge of our local area exists a massive Ice Wall surrounding the coast of Antarctica. This nearly vertical ice front to the open sea reaches more than 50 meters high above the water’s surface. The Ice Wall was discovered by Sir James Clark Ross, a British Naval Officer and polar explorer who was among the first to venture to Antarctica in an attempt to determine the position of the South Magnetic Pole.
Based on the Flat Earth Society’s official website